[Pathophysiology of dystonia].

Childhood Laryngeal Dystonia Following Bilateral Globus Pallidus Abnormality: A Case Study and Review of Literature

Introduction:Dystonia is a disorder of movement caused by various etiologies. Laryngeal dystonia is caused by the spasm of laryngeal muscles. It is a disorder caused by vocal fold movement in which excessive adduction or abduction of the vocal folds occurs during speech. The pathophysiology of this type of dystonia is not fully known. Some researchers have suggested that basal ganglia structure...

DOPA RESPONSIVE DYSTONIA: A CASE REPORT

Dopa responsive dystonia (DRD) is a dystonic syndrome of childhood, usually affecting gait and subsequently developing into parkinsonism with a dramatic therapeutic response to levodopa. At the best of our recollection this is the first case in Iranian medical literature of a 13 year old boy, affected by this interesting, rare and treatable disease which can be easily diagnosed if clinicia...

Focal Hand Dystonia Affecting Musicians. Part I: An Overview Of Epidemiology, PathoPhysiology And Medical Treatments Focal Hand Dystonia Affecting Musicians. Part I: An Overview Of Epidemiology, PathoPhysiology And Medical Treatments

In 1911, Oppenheim coined the term ‘dystonia’ to describe disordered motor control, characterised by an association of hypotonia and tonic muscle spasm. Focal hand dystonia is one form of this disorder, in which symptoms are often task-specific and occur during skilled movements such as writing (writer’s cramp) or playing a musical instrument (musician’s cramp). Much research has been conducted...

[Pathophysiology in dystonia: functional anatomy of basal ganglia].

Clinical manifestation of dystonia features involuntary muscle contraction or spasm resulting in postural and movement disorders. Depending on the distribution and spreading pattern of dystonia, four patterns have been described, including focal, segmental, multifocal and generalized dystonia. Dystonia can be seen as one of additional clinical features in a more severe neurologic condition. Mos...

Post stroke hemi-dystonia in children: a neglected area of research

BACKGROUND Childhood arterial ischemic stroke (CAIS) is increasingly recognized as an important cause of significant long-term morbidity in the pediatric population. Post stroke movement disorders, above all hemi-dystonias, are much more common in children after stroke compared to adults. However, research in this field is largely lacking. By highlighting some important knowledge gaps, we aim t...

Investigations of pathophysiology of Dystonia and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome